quinta-feira, 24 de maio de 2007
JÁ ACEITAMOS O “ROUBA, MAS NÃO FAZ”
"Os políticos em qualquer parte são os mesmos. Eles prometem construir pontes, mesmo quando não há rios".
Nikita Kruschev ,ex-secretário geral do PC da ex-União Soviética (1894-1971)
Está desatualizado o jornal britânico “Financial Times” quando diz que o Brasil é o país do “rouba, mas faz”. Com essas cortantes revelações da “navalha” ficou claro que já aceitamos o “rouba, mas não faz” e a festa continua.
É como aquela piada de dois deputados – um norte-americano e um brasileiro. O primeiro diz que a comissão por emenda do interesse de empresas lá é de 10%. O brasileiro diz que aqui é só de 30%. Em compensação, o empreiteiro não precisa fazer a obra.
Estou brincando com fogo, admito. Fazer o que? Outro dia, o senador Agripino Maia disse que não precisava de CPI para os estragos da “navalha”. Já ontem deixou o dito pelo não dito. Por quê?
Certamente a turma do deixa disso reavaliou. “É melhor trazer a investigação para dentro do Congresso e assumir o controle das informações antes que não sobre ninguém para contar a história”.
Ciranda das gravatas
No passado recente, não deu outra coisa. Mensaleiros, sanguessugas e assemelhados escaparam em massa pela porta da frente. Dois ou três pagaram o pato com renúncias ou cassações. Não mais.
Todo mundo sabe que a Gautama não é a única a recorrer a propinas para ganhar obras e fazê-las a seu modo, de preferência não fazê-las. Desde que um dos primeiros presidentes da República disse que “governar é abrir estradas”, aproveitaram para abrir junto os cofres do Tesouro, chamado assim não é por acaso.
No fervilhar de boatos, especulações, informações, sustos e faniquitos, já se disse de tudo. Metade de Brasília está com os nervos à flor da pele. A coisa chegou a tal ponto de que o que mais se discute é da legitimidade de ganhar gravatas de presente da construtora, mimos para sensibilizar corações, mentes e bolsos dos senhores dos podres poderes.
Alguns políticos já têm até uma resposta na ponta da língua: “melhor ganhá-las do que furtá-las, como fez o rabino-chefe em Miami”.
O problema é que com uma bela gravata pode vir um recheio para o bolso. Porque as gravatas não foram para todos. Logo os sem gravatas sentem os pescoços aliviados. E perguntam:
Por quê aqueles foram os escolhidos?
E as outras empreiteiras não fizeram nada? Só o Zuleido molhava as mãos para ter o dinheiro, com ou sem obra?
É certo que o ministro Silas rodou, por causa dos cem mil que teria recebido em março. E o senador Romero Jucá, que destinou 94 milhões para as obras da Gautama? Onde? E Roraima, seu Estado?
Segundo o Sistema de Acompanhamento Financeiro do Governo Federal (Siafi), o senador apresentou duas emendas para obras executadas pela Gautama: uma no valor de R$ 30 milhões, para construção de trechos rodoviários na BR-319 no Estado do Amazonas, e outra de R$ 64,3 milhões, destinada à recuperação de trechos rodoviários nas BRs-116 e 242, localizadas na Bahia.
Ele alega que estava apenas atendendo a pedidos do Ministério do Planejamento. Agora sou eu que, humilde parlamentar, me pergunto: se é o Executivo quem manda a proposta orçamentária, por que precisaria de emenda ao seu próprio projeto?
E não é só: segundo a organização “Contas Abertas”, o governo separou outros R$ 341,9 milhões para projetos com participação da empresa. Estamos assim diante de uma história mal contada.
O ponto de partida
Voltamos ao ponto de partida que tanto atormenta nossos preclaros políticos federais. Só na chamada “operação tapa-buracos” do Ministério dos Transportes, no início do ano passado, foram “recapeados” 7.200 quilômetros de rodovia SEM LICITAÇÃO. Aí foi mamão com açúcar.
Isso fora os aditamentos nos contratos já existentes. E se há um vício que dá margem ao super-faturamento é essa química que chamam de aditamento. Há obras com até cinco aditamentos, isto é, acréscimos de custos acima dos valores licitados.
E por aí vai. Em geral, as empreiteiras formam oligopólios. Quando eu fui secretário de Desenvolvimento Social da Prefeitura do Rio de Janeiro, fiz uma baita economia nas obras de creches ao desconhecer o critério “da bola da vez” estabelecida pela Associação dos Empreiteiros. Por esse acordo, o grupo escolhe previamente quem vai ganhar a próxima concorrência, para o que outras empresas entram com propostas mais elevadas.
Na época, ouvia queixa de pequenas empreiteiras que ficavam de fora, conforme critérios estabelecidos na própria Lei federal 8666, que estabelece as regras para licitações.
Em compensação, quem ganhava uma obra pública já sabia que tinha de morrer em 30%: 10% na licitação, 10% para a fiscalização (porque nunca as empreiteiras cumpriam as especificações) e 10% para receber (quem pagava era a Secretaria de Fazenda). E, em tempo de inflação, da velocidade do pagamento dependia a remuneração compensadora. Tudo isso era incluído num item da proposta chamado BDI – Boletim de Despesas Indiretas.
Particularmente, não acredito que haja vontade política de ninguém para dar um chega pra lá no sistema de propinas. Ele é parte do salário real de uma autoridade (exceções ainda existem) de quem decide na compra de serviços, ou dos políticos que fazem as indicações, como disse com todas as letras o ex-deputado Roberto Jefferson no Conselho de Ética da Câmara Federal.
Também, como enfatizou o presidente Luiz Inácio, um ministro de Estado ganha apenas R$ 7 mil de salário no contra-cheque – enquanto uma ex-secretária municipal do Rio foi ser presidente da CSN por R$ 200 mil mensais. Há levantamentos especializados de que os executivos brasileiros das grandes empresas ganham em média R$ 110 mil reais por mês.
Não acredito, mesmo depois da patética reunião dos líderes de 19 partidos com o presidente da Câmara, os quais repetiram mais de uma vez que ou se fazia algo contra esse estado de corrupção consentida ou a classe política será uma espécie em extinção. “Se algo não for feito com muita coragem, acaba o mandato parlamentar” – declarou, dramático, o deputado José Múcio, líder do governo.
Em todo caso, como sempre digo, uma dia a casa cai. Quem tiver juízo fará qualquer coisa para adiar esse dia.
coluna@pedroporfirio.com
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